Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine that typically occurs during the growth spurt before puberty. It can cause back pain and, in severe cases, impair lung and heart function due to restricted space within the chest cavity.

Spondylolisthesis is a condition where one of the vertebrae slips out of place onto the vertebra below it. This can lead to back pain and nerve compression, causing symptoms like numbness, weakness, or pain in the legs.

Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure that permanently connects two or more vertebrae in the spine, eliminating motion between them. It is used to treat instability, severe degeneration, or deformities of the spine, providing pain relief and structural stability.

Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) is a surgical procedure to stabilize the lower back by removing a damaged disc and fusing two or more vertebrae together. Accessed through an incision in the abdomen, bone graft is then inserted into the disc space to promote solid bone growth, ultimately reducing pain and improving spinal stability.”